Object-Oriented Programming

Features of OOP

• OOP is a programming paradigm that uses "objects" to design applications and computer programs.
• OOP allows the programmer to create an object that combines data and functionality.
• Data often known as attributes or properties, and functionality often known as methods or behaviors.
• OOP makes it easy to map real-world problems and solutions.

OOP Concepts

• Class: A blueprint for creating objects.
• Object: An instance of a class.
• Inheritance: Reusing an already existing design to design a better object.
• Polymorphism: Doing the same thing in different ways.
• Encapsulation: Packing the data and behavior together.
• Abstraction: Focusing on what needs to be done and ignore the irrelevant aspects of the problem.

Features of C++

• C++ is a superset of the C language.
• A multi-paradigm programming language that supports procedural(can focus on distinct activities) and object-oriented(can focus on distinct objects).
• realistic, efficient, and flexible enough for demanding projects.

C++ Compiler

• A C++ compiler is an operating system program that converts C++ language statements into machine language equivalents.

Stages of Compilation

1. Preprocessing: The preprocessor processes directives in the source code, such as #include for header files and #define for macro definitions, before it is passed to the compiler.
2. Compilation: The compiler translates the preprocessed source code into object code in binary format.
3. Linking: The linker combines the object files generated by the compiler into a single executable file.

source: https://intro2oop.sdds.ca/A-Introduction/modular-programming#modules (opens in a new tab)

Modular Programming

• Modular programming is a software design technique that emphasizes separating the functionality of a program into independent, interchangeable modules.
• Each module contains everything necessary to execute a specific aspect of the desired functionality.
• The modules can be developed, tested, and maintained independently.

Modular Programming in C++

• In C++, a module is implemented using a header file and a source file.
• The header file contains the declarations of the functions and variables in the module.
• The source file contains the definitions of the functions and variables in the module.

namespace

• A namespace is a declarative region that provides a scope for the identifiers declared within it.
• Namespaces are used to organize the code into logical groups and prevent naming conflicts.
• The namespace keyword is used to define a namespace.

namespace my_namespace {
    int x;
    void foo();
}